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Инструмент OLE
CONTEST:
1.Task for the laboratory work.
2.Theory part.
2.1. Build-in FoxProw commands
2.2. OLE
3. Practical usage of data of data transfer.
4. Technical facilities & literature used.
5. Applications
1. Task for the laboratory work.
The aim of this work is to show our ability to work with different
Microsoft applications & to produce the data exchange between them,
using build-in commands, OLE instruments & other possible facilities.
In the practical examples we will show the data transfer process using the
following Microsoft Applications: FoxPro, Excel & Word.
Also it is necessary to present the theory about the data transfer for it is
impossible to use all of them in the examples.
2. Theory part.
There are several different ways to transfer data from FoxPro to different
Microsoft Applications & vice versa.
2.1. Built-in FoxPro commands.
Operator can use several built-in commands of FoxPro such as
Export, Import, Copy and Append from.
Now we would like to present some helpful information about
these operands.
The format of EXPORT is:
EXPORT TO ]
[NOOPTIMIZE]
[[TYPE] DIF | MOD | SYLK | WK1 | WKS | WR1 | WRK |
XLS]]
Remarks
Use EXPORT to use FoxPro data in other software packages.
If the table/.DBF you are exporting from is indexed, the new file created
is created in the indexed order.
Clauses
Include the name of the file to which FoxPro exports data. If you do not
include an extension with the file name, the default extension for the
specified file type is assigned.
FIELDS to specify which fields are copied to the new
file. If the FIELDS clause is omitted, all fields are copied to the new file.
Memo and general fields are not copied to the new file even if their
names are included in the field list.
, and
REST. These are explained in the Overview of the FoxPro Language
chapter in the FoxPro Language Reference. Commands which include
operate only on the table/.DBF in the active work area.
You can specify a scope of records to copy to the new file. Only the
records that fall within the range of records specified by the scope are
copied to the new file.
The default scope for EXPORT is ALL records.
FOR are copied to the new file. Including the FOR clause
lets you conditionally copy records, filtering out undesired records.
Rushmore optimizes an EXPORT ... FOR is an optimizable expression. For best performance, use an
optimizable expression in the FOR clause. A discussion of Rushmore
optimizable expressions appears in the Optimizing Your Application
chapter in the FoxPro Developer's Guide.
WHILE
If the WHILE clause is included, records are copied to the new file for as
long as the logical expression evaluates to true (.T.).
NOOPTIMIZE
To cause Rushmore not to optimize EXPORT, include NOOPTIMIZE.
For more information, see SET OPTIMIZE and the Rushmore discussion
in the Optimizing Your Application chapter of the FoxPro Developer's
Guide
.
TYPE
You must specify the type of file to be created. The TYPE key word is
optional, but you must specify one of the following file types.
DIF
When you specify DIF, each field from a FoxPro table/.DBF becomes a
vector (column) and each record becomes a tuple (row) in a DIF (Data
Interchange Format) file, used by VisiCalc. The new file name is
assigned a .DIF extension if an extension isn't included in .
MOD
Use the MOD clause to export to a file in Microsoft Multiplan version
4.01 MOD format. The new file name is assigned an .MOD extension if
you don't include an extension in .
SYLK
A SYLK file is a Symbolic Link interchange format (used by Microsoft
Multiplan) in which each field from a FoxPro table/.DBF becomes a
column in the spreadsheet and each record becomes a row. By default,
SYLK file names have no extension.
WK1
Include this option to create a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet from a FoxPro
table/.DBF. A .WK1 extension is assigned to the spreadsheet file name
for use with Lotus 1-2-3 revision 2.x. Each field from the table/.DBF
becomes a column in the new spreadsheet, and each record in the
table/.DBF becomes a spreadsheet row.
WKS
A Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet can be created from a FoxPro table/.DBF with
this option. A .WKS extension is assigned to the spreadsheet file name
for use with Lotus 1-2-3 revision 1-A. Each field from the table/.DBF
becomes a column in the new spreadsheet, and each record becomes a
row in the spreadsheet.
WR1
Include this option to create a Lotus Symphony spreadsheet from a
FoxPro table/.DBF. A .WR1 extension is assigned to the spreadsheet for
use with Symphony version 1.01. Each field from the table/.DBF
becomes a column in the new spreadsheet, and each record in the
table/.DBF becomes a row in the spreadsheet.
WRK
A Lotus Symphony spreadsheet can be created from a FoxPro table/.DBF
with this option. A .WRK extension is assigned to the spreadsheet file
name for use with Symphony version 1.10. Each field from the
table/.DBF becomes a column in the new spreadsheet, and each record in
the table/.DBF becomes a row in the spreadsheet.
XLS
Include XLS to create a spreadsheet you can use in Microsoft Excel.
Each field in the +selected table/.DBF becomes a column in the
spreadsheet; each table/.DBF record becomes a row in the spreadsheet.
An .XLS file name extension is assigned to the newly created
spreadsheet file unless you specify a different extension.
The format of IMPORT is:
IMPORT FROM
[TYPE]
FW2 | MOD | PDOX | RPD | WK1 | WK3 | WKS | WR1 | WRK | XLS
As it shown in format (TYPE) there are many possible Microsoft
applications to import from to FoxPro but the meaning of these
properties, description of which you can see in the previous chapter,
that's why it's not necessary to list all of them again. So we will mention
those most common used.
Remarks
Most software packages store their data in a file format that cannot be
opened directly in FoxPro. IMPORT creates a new FoxPro table/.DBF
from data stored in file formats that FoxPro cannot read.
A new table/.DBF is created with the same name as the file the data is
imported from. A .DBF extension is assigned to the newly created
table/.DBF.
Clauses
is the name of the file to import data from. If you don't include an
extension with the file name, the default extension for the specified file
type is assumed.
TYPE
The key word TYPE is optional, but you must include one of the
following file types described below.
PDOX
Include PDOX to import Paradox files. Database files in Paradox
versions 3.5 and 4.0 by Borland can be imported by including the PDOX
option.
XLS
Include XLS to import data from Microsoft Excel spreadsheets versions
2.0, 3.0 and 4.0. Columns from the spreadsheet become fields in the
table/.DBF, and the spreadsheet rows become records in the table/.DBF.
Spreadsheet files created in Microsoft Excel have an .XLS extension.
The format of COPY is:
COPY TO ]
[[WITH] CDX] | [[WITH] PRODUCTION]
[NOOPTIMIZE]
[[TYPE] [FOXPLUS | DIF | MOD | SDF | SYLK| WK1 | WKS |
WR1 | WRK | XLS |
DELIMITED [WITH WITH BLANK | WITH TAB]]]
Remarks
If an index order is set, records are copied in master index order.
Clauses
. If you do not include an extension with the file name, the
default extension for the specified file type is assigned. If you do not
specify a file type, COPY TO creates a new table/.DBF and assigns the
table/.DBF file name the default extension .DBF.
FIELDS
If you include FIELDS and a field list, you can specify which fields are
copied to the new file. If the FIELDS clause is omitted, all fields are
copied to the file. If the file you are creating is not a database, memo
fields aren't copied to the new file even if memo field names are included
in the field list.
, and
REST. These are explained in the Overview of the FoxPro Language
chapter in the FoxPro Language Reference. Commands which include
operate only on the table/.DBF in the active work area.
You can specify a scope of records copied to a file. Only the records that
fall within the range of records specified by the scope are copied.
The default scope for COPY TO is ALL records.
FOR evaluates to true (.T.) are copied to the file.
Include FOR clause if clause. A discussion of Rushmore
optimizable expressions appears in the Optimizing Your Application
chapter in the FoxPro Developer's Guide.
WHILE evaluates to true (.T.).
[WITH] CDX | [WITH] PRODUCTION
If the table/.DBF you copy from has a structural index file, you can
create a structural index file for the new table/.DBF. Including CDX or
PRODUCTION creates an identical structural index file for the new
table/.DBF. The tags and index expressions from the original structural
index file are copied to the new structural index file. The CDX and
PRODUCTION clauses have the same effect.
Do not include CDX or PRODUCTION if you are copying to a file other
than a new FoxPro table/.DBF.
NOOPTIMIZE
Include NOOPTIMIZE to cause Rushmore to not optimize COPY TO.
For more information, see SET OPTIMIZE or consult the discussion of
Rushmore optimization in the Optimizing Your Application chapter in
the FoxPro Developer's Guide.
TYPE
If the file you are creating isn't a FoxPro table/.DBF, you must specify its
file type. Although you must specify a file type, you need not include the
key word TYPE. You can create a wide variety of different file types
including DELIMITED ASCII text files in which you can specify a field
delimiter.
FOXPLUS
FoxPro memo files have a different structure than FoxBASE+ memo
files. If your source FoxPro table/.DBF contains a memo field, include
the FOXPLUS clause to create a table/.DBF that can be used in
FoxBASE+. The FoxPro memo field cannot contain binary data because
FoxBASE+ does not support binary data in memo fields.
SDF
An SDF (System Data Format) file is an ASCII text file in which records
have a fixed length and end with a carriage return and line feed. Fields
aren't delimited. The SDF file name is assigned a .TXT file extension if
you do not include an extension.
SYLK
A SYLK file is a Symbolic Link interchange format (used in Microsoft
MultiPlan) in which fields from the FoxPro table/.DBF become columns
in the spreadsheet and records become rows. SYLK file names have no
extension.
DELIMITED [WITH | WITH BLANK | WITH TAB]
A DELIMITED file is an ASCII text file in which each record ends with
a carriage return and line feed. The default field separator is a comma.
Since character data may include commas, character fields are
additionally delimited with double quotation marks.
In the following example there are 2 character fields ("Smith" and
"TELEPHONE") delimited with double quotation marks. There is one
numeric field which is not delimited since numeric data does not contain
commas. The 3 fields are separated with commas.
"Smith", 9999999, "TELEPHONE"
The DELIMITED WITH option can be used to replace the
double quotation marks with one of your choice.
The comma is not truly a delimiter. However, the DELIMITED WITH
BLANK or DELIMITED WITH TAB clauses allow you to replace the
comma field separator with either a space or a tab. The data should not
contain embedded spaces or tabs.
You cannot combine the WITH clause with either the WITH
BLANK or WITH TAB clauses.
Unless you specify otherwise, a .TXT extension is assigned to all newly
created DELIMITED files.
The format of APPEND is:
APPEND FROM |
WITH BLANK] |
DIF | FW2 | MOD | PDOX | RPD | SDF | SYLK | WK1 | WK3 | WKS |
WR1 | WRK | XLS]]
Remarks
The file you are appending from is assumed to be a FoxPro table with a
.DBF extension. If the file you want to append from is a FoxPro table
and doesn't have a .DBF extension, you must specify its extension. If the
file is a not a FoxPro table, you must specify the type of file you append
from.
Before you can append from a table created in dBASE IV that contains a
memo field, you must first open the table in FoxPro with USE. You are
prompted with "Convert MEMO file to FoxPro Format?" Choose Yes.
If you append from a FoxPro table, the table you append from can be
open in another work area. You can also append from a table that isn't
open but is available on disk and a shared table opened when SET
EXCLUSIVE is OFF. When the table you append from contains records
marked for deletion, the records are not marked for deletion after they are
appended.
If you include the ? clause instead of including a table name, the Open
dialog appears so you can choose a table to append from.
Clauses
. If you don't
include a file name extension, the default extension .DBF is assumed.
FIELDS . Data is only
appended to the fields specified in the field list.
FOR
The entire source file is appended to the table unless you include the
FOR clause. If the FOR clause is included, a new record is appended for
each record in the file source for which evaluates to a logical
true (.T.). Records are appended until the end of the file is reached.
TYPE
If the file you are appending from isn't a FoxPro table, you must specify
the file TYPE. Although you must specify the file type, you need not
include the key word TYPE. You can append from a wide variety of
different file types including DELIMITED ASCII text files in which you
can specify a field delimiter.
If the file you are appending from doesn't have the usual default file
extension for that type of file, the source file name must include the file's
extension. For example, Microsoft Excel spreadsheets normally have an
.XLS file name extension. If the spreadsheet you are appending from has
an extension other than the expected .XLS, be sure to specify the
extension.
Caution When appending from a spreadsheet, the data in the
spreadsheet must be stored in a row major order rather than a column
major order. This allows the appended spreadsheet data to match the
table structure.
DELIMITED [WITH TAB | WITH | WITH BLANK]
A DELIMITED file is an ASCII text file in which each record ends with
a carriage return and line feed. Field contents are by default assumed to
be separated from each other by commas, and character field values to be
additionally delimited by double quotation marks. For example:
"Smith", 9999999, "TELEPHONE"
The DELIMITED WITH TAB option can be used to specify files which
contain fields separated from each other by tabs rather than commas.
The DELIMITED WITH option can be used to indicate that
character fields are delimited by a character other than the quotation
mark. The DELIMITED WITH BLANK option can be used to specify
files which contain fields separated by spaces instead of commas. The
file extension is assumed to be .TXT for all delimited files.
You can import dates from delimited files if the dates are in proper date
format. The date format defaults to 'mm/dd/yy'. Including the century
portion of a date is optional. FoxPro will import a date that includes the
century. If the century isn't included in a date (for example '12/25/92'),
the Twentieth century is assumed. Date delimiters can be any non-
numeric character except the delimiter that separates the fields in the
delimited file.
Dates in other formats can be imported if their format matches a date
format available in SET DATE. To import dates that are not in the
default format, issue SET DATE with the proper date format before
using APPEND FROM. To test if a date format can be successfully
imported, use it with CTOD( ). If the date is acceptable to CTOD( ), the
date will import properly.
FW2
FW2 files are created by Framework II. FW2 file names are assumed to
have a .FW2 extension.
RPD
RPD files are created by RapidFile version 1.2. RPD file names are
assumed to have an RPD extension.
SDF
An SDF (System Data Format) file is an ASCII text file in which records
have a fixed length and end with a carriage return and a line feed. Fields
are not delimited. The file name extension is assumed to be .TXT for
SDF files.
WK3
Data from a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet. Each column from the spreadsheet
becomes a field in the table; each spreadsheet row becomes a record in
the table. A .WK3 file name extension is assigned to a spreadsheet
created in Lotus 1-2-3 revision 3.x.
2.2. OLE.
Another method of data exchange between not only FoxPro but between
all Windows based applications is OLE (OBJECT LINKING AND
EMBEDDING)
First you can use a FoxPro built in command Append General.
APPEND GENERAL ]
APPEND GENERAL is supported in FoxPro for Windows only.
If an OLE object already exists in the general field, it is replaced with the
OLE object from the file.
Clauses
to specify the name of the general field the OLE
object is placed in. You can specify a general field in a table open in a
noncurrent work area by including the table alias with the field name.
to specify the file containing the OLE object. You must
include the entire file name, including its extension. If the file is located
in a directory other than the current default directory, include the path
with the file name.
LINK
If LINK is included, a link is created between the OLE object and the file
that contains the object. The OLE object appears in the general field but
the object's definition remains in the file. If LINK is omitted, the OLE
object is embedded in the general field.
CLASS
Include the CLASS clause to specify an OLE class for an OLE object
other than the default class.
Tip To determine the class for an OLE object, run REGEDIT and
double-click on the OLE object. The class name is listed under
Identifier.
You can specify a class name when the file extension for the file
containing the OLE object is different than the default extension and you
want to force the behavior for the class. If the default extension can be
used by multiple OLE servers, include the class to specify a particular
server.
3. Practical usage of data transfer.
In applications you can find the examples of the above mentioned
commands usage and their results in different Microsoft Applications
(FoxPro, Word & Excel).
4. Technical facilities & literature used.
During creating this program the following equipment & software was
used:
Pentium 100 MHz PC with 8 Mb RAM
Microsoft Windows'95
Microsoft Visual FoxPro 3.0
Microsoft Word 7.0
Microsoft Excel 7.0
Printer Hewlett Packard LaserJet5L
No special literature but build-in HELP of Visual FoxPro 3.0, Word 7.0,
Excel 7.0 & useful advices was used to create this laboratory work.
5. Applications.
Application 1 "Transfering data form FoxPro to Word & Excel"
Application2 "FoxPro database converted to Excel (.xls) file"
Application 3 "FoxPro database converted to Word (.sdf) file"
Application 4 "FoxPro base converted in Word file - in Excel"
Application 5 "Excel file in Word"
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